part 1、认识单元测试框架TestNG
Java语言的单元测试框架
. JUnit4，要求JDK1.5及以上版本
. TestNG，同理
单元测试框架的作用
. 使测试代码和产品代码分离
. 简化测试代码的编写
. 灵活组织单元测试用例
. 方便与CI系统集成
TestNG的主要特点：
注解
1. TestNG使用Java和面向对象的功能
2. 支持综合类测试（单元测试、集成测试）
3. 灵活的运行时配置（testng.xml）
4. 支持依赖测试方法，并行测试，负载测试，局部故障
5. 支持多线程测试
6. 支持数据驱动的测试
7. 可扩展
TestNG使用基本步骤
1. 编写测试代码
2. 编写配置文件，testng.xml
3. 运行测试程序
TestNG注解：
TestNG中测试的级别
.Suite：最上层的元素
.Test：次一级的元素
.Class：测试类
.Method：测试类中的方法
上面的层次是包含关系，即：Suite可以包含多个Test，Test可以包含多个 Class
Method作用：排除某些测试用例；安排测试用例的执行顺序
Testng.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd"> <suite name="Suite" parallel="none"><test name="Test"><classes><class name="TestNGLearn1"/> <methods> <include name="TestNgLearn" /> </methods></classes> </test> <!-- Test --> </suite> <!-- Suite -->TestNG运用实例：
运行单元测试用例
. 在Elipse中运行
1. “Run AS Testng Test”运行java测试类
2. “Run AS Testng Test”运行testng.xml文件
. 在命令行中运行
Java –cp …… org.testng.TestNG testng.xml
TestNG单元测试实例：
项目工程结构
业务逻辑代码
测试用例代码
package UnitTest;import Demo.compute;import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass; import org.testng.annotations.AfterSuite; import org.testng.annotations.AfterTest; import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass; import org.testng.annotations.BeforeSuite; import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest; import org.testng.annotations.Test; import org.testng.Assert;public class TestCompute { @BeforeSuitepublic void setup() { //to do something before all testcase } @AfterSuitepublic void tearDown() {//to do something after all testcase }@BeforeClass
public void doBeforeClass() { //to do something }@AfterClasspublic void doAfterClass() { //to do something }@Testpublic void testAdd() {compute cp = new compute(); int result;result = cp.add(2, 3);Assert.assertEquals(5,result);} }TestNG常用功能：
一、按顺序执行用例：preserve-order=”true“
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd" > <suite name="Suite1"><test name="test12" preserve-order="true"><classes><class name="TankLearn2.Learn.TestNGLearn1"><methods><include name="TestNgLearn3" /> <include name="TestNgLearn1" /> <include name="TestNgLearn2" /> </methods> </class></classes> </test></suite>二、异常测试：通过@Test(expectedExceptions) 来判断期待的异常， 并且判断Error Message
package TankLearn2.Learn;import org.testng.annotations.Test;public class ExceptionTest { @Test(expectedExceptions = IllegalArgumentException.class, expectedExceptionsMessageRegExp="NullPoint")public void testException(){throw new IllegalArgumentException("NullPoint");}}三、测试用例分组：可以按组来执行测试用例
package TankLearn2.Learn;import org.testng.annotations.Test; public class GroupTest {@Test(groups = {"systemtest"}) public void testLogin(){System.out.println("this is test login"); }@Test(groups = {"functiontest"}) public void testOpenPage(){System.out.println("this is test Open Page"); }} <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd" ><suite name="Suite1"><test name="test1"><groups><run><include name="functiontest" /></run></groups></test></suite>四、参数化测试：给测试用例传递参数
4.1使用testng.xml传递参数，此处注意参数的使用范围
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd" ><suite name="Suite1"> <parameter name="test1" value="Tank" /> <parameter name="test2" value="Xiao" /> <test name="test12"><classes> <class name="TankLearn2.Learn.ParameterizedTest1" /> </classes></test> </suite> package TankLearn2.Learn;import org.testng.annotations.Parameters;import org.testng.annotations.Test;public class ParameterizedTest1 {@Test@Parameters("test1")public void ParaTest(String test1){System.out.println("This is " + test1);}}4.2数据驱动的测试：为测试用例提供数据的不是配置文件参数，而是一段自己编写的程序，使用 @DataProvider注解，并且必须返回Object[][]或Iterator[]
public class InterfaceTest {LogFile lf = new LogFile();@DataProvider(name = "TestCases")public Object[][] getTestCases() {int len,i,j;String tcfile,path;TestCaseXML tcx;List<TestCase> tcList = new ArrayList<TestCase>();List<TestCase> tmpList = new ArrayList<TestCase>();PublicVariable.init();len = PublicVariable.testcaseFiles.size();for (i = 0;i < len;i ++) {//get TestCasestcfile = PublicVariable.testcaseFiles.get(i);path = System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/" + PublicVariable.testcase_dir + "/" + tcfile;tcx = new TestCaseXML(path);tmpList = tcx.getTestCases();if (tmpList != null) {tcList.addAll(tmpList);} }Object[][] tcs = new Object[tcList.size()][];for(j = 0;j < tcList.size();j++){tcs[j] = new Object[]{tcList.get(j)};}return tcs;} @Test(dataProvider = "TestCases")public void testHTTPInterface(TestCase tc) {String result,message,response,status;String enter = "\r\n";try {Thread.sleep(PublicVariable.sleepTime);//delay 5s cause of interface system} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.print("Testing " + tc.getInterfaceName() + " ...... ");TestCaseHandler tch = new TestCaseHandler(tc);message = tc.getTestCaseInfoString();response = tch.runTestCase();result = "ResponseContent = " + response + enter;if (tch.assertResults(response)) {System.out.println("Pass");status = "PASS";} else {System.out.println("Fail");status = "FAIL";lf.addFailContent(status + enter + message + result);lf.printSeperatorLineFailContent("=");}五、依赖测试：如果在执行某个用例之前必须执行其它用例，dependsOnMethods
package TankLearn2.Learn;import org.testng.annotations.Test; public class DependsTest {@Testpublic void setupEnv(){System.out.println("this is setup Env"); }@Test(dependsOnMethods = {"setupEnv"}) public void testMessage(){System.out.println("this is test message"); }}六、忽略测试：不执行该测试用例，enable=false
package TankLearn2.Learn;import org.testng.annotations.Test;public class TesgNGIgnore {@Test(enabled = false)public void testIgnore(){System.out.println("This test case will ignore");}}